#65 초보영어..10분 투자 전치사 "down" 친해지기(14)

<미국인이 자주 사용하는 "down"가 들어간 구동사>

 

 

<1> ..전치사 "down"의 함축적 의미 확장..

 

    ..전치사 "down"은 본래 물리적인 움직임이나 위치를 나타내지만..

                 ..다양한 맥락에서 확장된 의미로 사용됨..

 

구    분	의  미	예 시  문 장
원래 의미	1. 아래로 향하는 움직임 또는 위치	The ball rolled down the hill. (공이 언덕 아래로 굴러갔다.)
	2. (강을 따라) 하류로, 아래쪽으로	We paddled down the river. (우리는 강을 따라 아래로 노를 저었다.)
확장적 의미	3. (수준, 정도 등이) 낮아짐, 감소	The price went down. (가격이 내려갔다.)
	4. (상태가) 좋지 않음, 침체	He's been feeling down lately. (그는 요즘 기분이 침체되어 있다.)
	5. (기록, 저장) 기입	Write it down. (그것을 기록해라.)
	6. (완전히) 끝남, 완료됨	He drank the whole bottle down. (그는 병 전체를 다 마셨다.)
	7. (억제, 진정) 조용히, 가라앉히다	Calm down! (진정해!)
	8. (강렬한 감정의) 억제	She fought down her anger. (그녀는 분노를 억눌렀다.)

 

<2> .."일상생활"에서 바로 활용할 수 있는 쉬운 예문.

      ..미국 드라마와 영화에서 일상적으로 사용되는 'down' 구동사들.

No	구동사	의미	예문1 / 예문2
1	break down	고장 나다 무너지다 분석하다	My car broke down on the highway. The negotiations broke down completely.
2	calm down	진정하다	Please calm down and tell me what happened. He needs to calm down before he can talk.
3	cut down	줄이다 베어 넘어뜨리다	You should cut down on sugary drinks. They had to cut down several trees.
4	get down	낙담하다 기록하다 (일 등을) 시작하다	Don't let it get you down. We need to get down to business
5	go down	내려가다 감소하다 (사건이) 발생하다	The sun is going down. The prices of houses are going down.
6	hand down	물려주다 (판결 등을) 내리다	This tradition has been handed down for generations. The judge handed down a severe sentence.
7	jot down	간단히 적다	Let me just jot down your number. I jotted down some notes during the meeting.
8	lie down	눕다	I need to lie down for a bit. He lay down on the sofa and fell asleep.
9	look down on	경멸하다, 얕잡아보다	She tends to look down on people who are less educated. Don't look down on others.
10	put down	내려놓다 비난하다 진압하다	Please put down your bags. He always tries to put me down.
11	run down	쇠약해지다 다 떨어지다 사람을) 치다	He's feeling a bit run down lately. The battery has run down.
12	settle down	정착하다 진정하다	He wants to settle down and start a family. The kids finally settled down for bed.
13	slow down	속도를 줄이다	You need to slow down when driving in this area. Can you slow down a little bit?
14	take down	내려놓다 해체하다 받아 적다	Please take down the decorations. I took down everything he said.
15	tear down	허물다 해체하다	They are going to tear down the old building. The city decided to tear down the bridge.
16	turn down	거절하다 (소리 등을) 줄이다	She turned down my offer. Please turn down the music.
17	wear down	닳게 하다 지치게 하다	The constant pressure wore down his resistance. The soles of my shoes are starting to wear down.
18	write down	적다 기록하다	Please write down your name and address. I wrote down all the important points.
19	track down	추적해서 찾아내다	The police are trying to track down the suspect. We finally tracked down the lost package.
20	talk down to	얕잡아보고 말하다	Don't talk down to me like I'm a child. He tends to talk down to his employees.

 

<3>..퀴즈로 복습 (Quiz for Review)..

      ..위에서 다룬 'down'과 결합된 구동사들을 효과적으로 익히기 위해..

     ..미국인들이 일상생활에서 자주 사용하는 문장들을 활용한 퀴즈연습..

 

             ..다음 문장에서 가장 적절한 구동사를 고르세요..

No	질문 (Question)	옵션 (Options)
1	Don't let your mistakes get you _______.	(A) down (B) up (C) out
2	I need to _______ down on my coffee intake.	(A) put (B) cut (C) take
3	My old car always seems to _______ down when I need it most.	(A) go (B) break (C) come
4	Can you please _______ down the music? It's too loud.	(A) turn (B) slow (C) calm
5	He needs to _______ down and relax after a long day.	(A) lie (B) look (C) run
6	It's important to _______ down your goals so you don't forget them.	(A) wear (B) write (C) hand
7	After the argument, it took a while for everyone to _______ down.	(A) get (B) settle (C) pull
8	They had to _______ down the old factory to build new apartments.	(A) hand (B) tear (C) track
9	I can't believe she _______ down such a great job offer.	(A) put (B) turned (C) got
10	The police are trying to _______ down the missing person.	(A) talk (B) track (C) jot

 

    ..Answer.. 

 

     1. down  2. cut  3. break 4.turn  5.lie  6.write  7. settle  8. tear  9. turned  10. track

 

 

<4>..구동사 "down" 회화연습..

       ..일상 대화에서 'down' 구동사를 자연스럽게 사용하는 연습하세요..

상황(Scenario)	대화 예시(Example Conversation)
낙담한 친구 위로하기	A: "I'm so frustrated. My project broke down again."  B: "Oh no, I'm sorry to hear that.       Don't let it get you down too much. We can figure it out."
소비 습관 줄이기	A: "I've been spending too much money on eating out." B: "You should try to cut down on that.      Maybe cook more at home?"
시끄러운 소리 줄이기	A: "This music is really loud, I can barely hear you."  B: "Oh, sorry! I'll turn it down right away."
긴장 풀기	A: "I'm so stressed about the presentation tomorrow."  B: "Just take a deep breath and try to calm down.       You'll do great."
새로운 곳에 정착하기	A: "How are you liking your new city?"  B: "It's been good. I'm slowly starting to settle down here."
경멸하는 태도 지적하기	A: "He always acts like he's better than everyone else." B: "Yeah, he tends to look down on people,       which isn't very nice."
급한 메모 남기기	A: "Can you tell me your address again?" B: "Sure, let me just jot it down for you."
체력 저하 표현하기	A: "I've been feeling so tired lately."  B: "You might be feeling a bit run down.      Make sure you're getting enough rest."

 

<5>..구동사 "down" 패턴연습(Pattern Practice)..

 

     ..'down' 구동사가 포함된 문장 패턴을 익히고 다양한 상황에 적용해 보세요..

 

패 턴 (Pattern)	예 시 문장 (Example Sentences)
Don't let (something) get you down. (무엇이 당신을 낙담하게 하지 마세요.)	Don't let a bad grade get you down. Don't let criticism get you down.
I need to cut down on (something). (나는 ~을 줄여야 해.)	I need to cut down on sugar.  I need to cut down on my screen time.
(Someone/Something) broke down.  (누군가/무언가가 고장 났어/무너졌어.)	My computer broke down this morning.  The system broke down due to an error.
Can you turn down (something)?  (무엇을 줄여줄 수 있나요?)	Can you turn down the volume?  Can you turn down the heat?
It's important to write down (something).  (무엇을 적는 것이 중요해.)	It's important to write down your ideas.  It's important to write down your appointments.
He/She/They tend to look down on (someone/something). (그/그녀/그들은 ~을 경멸하는 경향이 있어.)	He tends to look down on people with less experience.  Some older generations might look down on new trends.
I just need to lie down for a bit.  (잠시 누워야겠어.)	I'm so tired, I just need to lie down for a bit. My back hurts, I just need to lie down for a bit.
I'm feeling a bit run down.  (조금 지쳤어.)	After a long week, I'm feeling a bit run down. I think I'm getting sick; I'm feeling a bit run down.